Emotion language term paper Essay

The differences between happiness, joy and gladness1.IntroductionThe concept of happiness can be characterized by three separate prototypes, which all refer to happiness but each approaches the concept of happiness from a slightly different meaning. The differences reveal mainly in the intensity of the emotion. Therefore it is very interesting how these differences appear in the English language. It is important to see these differences because our society is based on happiness and to reach the main goal of ones life it is good to understand the differences in the conceptualizations of happiness. 2.The three prototypesThe source domain of the three prototypes are taken from the class notes of Emotion Language, from the study of Zoltà ¡n Kà ¶vecses: Emotion concepts: from happiness to guiltA cognitive semantic perspective and definitions form answers.com. The first prototype is called joy which according to answers.com is an intense and especially ecstatic or exultant happiness and the expression or manifestation of such feeling. In other words, joy covers an immediate response of happiness. This means that this word is used to represent a sudden feeling that is self-enabling and comes from within . The next type is called the existential happiness which is a major value in life that people want to reach. This is a general feeling about being happy, therefore it is expressed by the word happiness. In Answers.com this word is described as an agreeable feeling or condition of the soul arising from good fortune or propitious happening of any kind; the possession of those circumstances or that state of being which is attended with enjoyment; the state of being happy; contentment; joyful satisfaction; felicity; blessedness. The last type of happiness is gladness, which is the less intense out of the three types. According to answers.com the word glad is experiencing or exhibiting joy and pleasure. This feeling can be explained in other words like gratifying, pleasurable, very willing, bright and cheerful. 3.The major differences in meaningAccording to the Internet joy and happiness are more commonly occur in the same context than joy and glad or happiness and glad so there are a number of studies and articles about happiness versus joy. The reason for this on the one part is that they have a close relation in meaning so it is not as univocal therefore many people does not recognize the differences or has improper thoughts about it. On the other part glad seems to be clearly terminated in meaning in the usage of the English language. Accordingly, there are many conceptualizations about the differences between joy and happiness on the Internet. On the one hand, in a forum about happiness, the opinion of a person named Suviko was: joy is something you feel shortly, temporary moment, a passing good feeling. Happiness is having that for longer period of time and it is more general, not as much targeted feeling . This explanation perfectly reflects the differences between joy and the existential happiness according to the study of Kà ¶vecses. But as it appears in some articles on the internet, this is not the only realization that is considered as the concept of happiness and joy. On the other hand, there is an essay about happiness versus joy which claims that happiness is fleeting and it comes from the fulfillment of ones desires, therefore happiness is dependent upon something while joy can be continuous and it comes from within . The main difference between the two conceptualization is the quantity of the feeling. In the first statement the duration of the feeling of joy takes less time than happiness while in the second statement joy lasts for longer. This proves that there are some differences in the conceptualization of the first two prototypes of happiness. Besides the differences the main idea about the intensity of the two prototypes reflects everywhere that happiness is more intense. In his study Vic Lebouthillier writes that happiness comes from circumstances like buying a new car or passing an exam while joy is rather appears as inner thankfulness for the constants of life such as nature, freedom, relationships with people, or through having faith in something larger than ourselves . It is also mentioned that happiness is an automatic reaction of people for the happenings of the outside world. In contrast, joy does not  come automatically, it is a learned reaction that people have to practice to live a complete emotional life. This points to the fact that the main point in most of the articles on the internet is based on this idea: It is important to understand that joy is an emotion that arises from within us and is not affected by the things that happen to us. Instead of looking for external things to provide happiness in our lives, we must strive to find the joy within. We must educate ourselves about joy and work to enhance it in our lives.Gladness is the less intense emotional feeling from the three prototypes of happiness. In The Free Dictionary webpage it is pointed out that Glad often refers to the feeling that results from the gratification of a wish or from satisfaction with immediate circumstances: â€Å"Some folks rail against other folks, because other folks have what some folks would be glad of† Henry Fielding . In another conceptualization gladness is rarely or never equivalent to mirth, merriment, gayety, and triumph, and it usually expresses less than delight . According to these statements, it can be asserted that gladness is not only the less intense but it also lasts for the less period of time. Another proof for this can be found in an essay of Margaret Paul where she discusses the differences between happiness and pleasure, and where pleasure is a synonym for gladness. She points out that pleasurable experiences can give us momentary feelings of happiness, but this happiness does not last long because it is dependent upon external events and experiences . 4.Differences in language usageThe English language is rich in the metaphors and metonymies about the three prototypes of happiness. The source domain of this section is from Zoltan Kà ¶vecses: Emotion concepts: from happiness to guilt A cognitive semantic perspective. Happiness (existential happiness)Most of the happiness metaphors found on the internet come from quotations, poems and a lower percent can be found in non literary texts. Using the mappings of Kà ¶vecses I listed some of the metaphors that I found with the help of Google:1. Happiness is a fluid in a  container: â€Å"Happiness is a positive cash flow.† – Fred Adler2. Happiness is warm: Happiness is a warm gun – The Beatles3. Happiness is insanity: Sanity and happiness are an impossible combination. – Mark Twain4. Happiness is light: Happiness is a Swedish sunset – it is there for all, but most of us look the other way and lose it. – Mark Twain5. Happiness is up: trying to bump up our happiness – Steven Winn6. Happiness is an animal: Happiness is a butterfly, which when pursued, is always just beyond your grasp, but which, if you will sit down quietly, may alight upon you Nathanial Hawthorne7. Happiness is a rapture: We pretended we could get drunk on root beer, and sometimes on those July nights, I think we were. Drunk with happiness. – Lisa LibowitzJoyInterestingly I could find a larger number of metaphors or metonymies on the internet than about joy in non literary articles rater than literary texts. Therefore, in contrast to happiness, it was harder to find metaphors that could belong to the list of Zoltà ¡n Kà ¶vecses. 1.Joy is fluid in a container: then you will look and be radiant,your heart will throb and swell with joy The Holly Bible (Isaiah 60:5-11)a place of joy and peace so full that you need nothing else2.Joy is being off the ground: Now I know when your house gets destroyed you won’t be jumping for joy.3.Joy is warm: A blush of joy mantled on Lizzie’s face, and her heart swelled with happiness John Quine (The Captain of the Parish)4.Joy is vitality: As I watch my grandmother tickle and play with the kids, I see her eyes light up with joy. – Jennifer Mallett5.Joy is opponent in a struggle: When her sick friend saw her, she was overcome with joy.6. Joy is a natural force: Ill flood your soul with the joy of cleanliness and the joy of discipline, which will redound to your good forever.7.Joy is a rapture: Inner success: Freedom from the identification with the mind and movement towards the ecstasy of the Truth . This will lead us towards our inner joy8.Joy is up: He who kisses the joy as it flies. Lives in Eternitys sunrise. – William BlakeOne of the greatest joys known to man is to take a flight into ignorance in search of knowledge Robert Lynd9.Joy is light: The sun does not shine for a few trees and flowers, but for the wide world’s joy. Henry Ward BeecherGladnessIt was the hardest to find metaphors or metonymies on gladness. I found that the word glad is often used in religious terms on the internet but these were not expressed by metaphors or  metonymies rather it refers to the loving of God and it follows that it is expressed on a very simple way. 1.Gladness is light: Our brightest blazes of gladness are commonly kindled by unexpected sparks. – Samuel JohnsonLight up your face with gladness Judy Garland2.Gladness is fluid in a container: A kind heart is a fountain of gladness, making everything in its vicinity freshen into smiles. – Washington IrvingMay God fill your heart with gladness to cheer you. – Irish Blessing3.Gladness is being in haven: Nations and men are only the best when they are the gladdest, and deserve heaven when they enjoy it. – Jean Paul Friedrich Richter5.ConclusionSumming up the above, there are differences between the three conceptualizations of happiness in meaning and it also turned out that people are interested in these questions because it is important to understand these to live a happy life. We also saw that the linguistic usage of happiness and joy are very similar to each other they still have that slight difference in meaning. From this point of view gladness metaphors were less frequent and were not as similar to the other two. BIBLIOGRAPHY Zoltà ¡n Kà ¶vecses: Emotion concepts: from happiness to guilt A cognitive semantic perspectivewww.answers.comhttp://www.kjmaclean.com/HappinessvsJoy.htmlhttp://www.tfproject.org/tfp/archive/index.php/t-7099.htmlhttp://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/03/07/DDGLBOFSL11.DTLhttp://thinkexist.com/quotation/happiness_is_a_butterfly-which_when_pursued-is/169068.htmlhttp://www.tiny-lights.com/flash.html?id=20http://www.calvin.edu/admin/chapel/worship/chapel/Isaiah60/wealth.htmhttp://www.light-up-your-life.com/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/cp1897/chap104.htmhttp://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?gladnesshttp://www.entplaza.com/cgi-bin/create/quotes.pl?cat=Happinesshttp://www.entplaza.com/cgi-bin/create/quotes.pl?cat=Happinesshttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/gladnesshttp://www.caringtoday.com/node/296http://www.4to40.com/story/index.asp?id=480#tophttp://www.timesandseasons.org/index.php?p=2582http://www.meditationerfan.com/Happiness_vs.htmlhttp://www.dai lycelebrations.com/joy.htmhttp://www.dailycelebrations.com/joy.htmhttp://www.dailycelebrations.com/jo

European Imperialism and its Impact on Africa and Asia Essay

European imperialism in Africa and Asia developed as a result of certain motivations which seemed to fit the prevailing world view following the Napoleonic wars.   Economic interests (ie, global expansion of domestic markets), maintaining the safety of trade routes, keeping colonies free from foreign influence and threats, national prestige in maintaining colonies, and finally, living up to a moral duty and the missionary and evangelical movements were all motivations given by European governments to justify its interference into Africa and Asia. As Europe became more crowded, as continental empires declined, and a more current world view came into focus, the Europe’s powers were motivated to find a replacement system that would best preserve their respective positions as a world economic, military and moral leader. Great Britain took the lead in establishing systematic imperial possessions in African and Asia.   Power, prestige and economic interests lay at the heart of building Britain’s empire.   The reason was simple, a vast global economy with Britain at the hub was sure to ensure the economic health and vitality of the British (Hyam 1).   Forging a permanent presence in India, China and Africa were vital to this cause (Brown 199-200).   Britain’s ‘Grand Design,’ which sought to enhance Britain’s power through the expansion of informal empire, was the name of the policy attributed to Prime Minister Palmerston in the 1850s and ‘60s (Hyam 86). As the British empire began to decline towards the end of the 19th century, other countries, like Germany, the Netherlands and France opted to partition Africa and Asia, creating pieces of the pie sufficient to sate everyone’s appetite from the 1880’s through the onset of World War I. Imperialism had a positive and negative impact on the European nations.   Though trade and prestige were greatly increased, eventually, competition developed for the more lucrative portions of the colonized East.   This led to showdowns between western powers on African and Asian territory.   The British and the Russians fought the Crimean War in the 1850s (Brown 197) and the British and the French nearly had an armed along the Nile at Fashoda in 1898 (Steele 328).   The notion of any of these nations being at odds with all of the others, led the nations to seek alliances amongst themselves (and Russia and Japan), which was a major reason for the start of World War I (Hyam 271). The impact on the African and Asian nations was far more negative than positive.   China suffered the humiliation of Opium wars, during which the British forcefully created a domestic opium market in China to finance its own trade (Brown 205) and the Boers of South Africa were colonized for hundreds of years by the Dutch and the subject of Atrocities by the British during the Second Boer war from 1899-1902 (Steele 360).   To an extent, the imperialists did improve the infrastructure (by way of railroads and ports), but on the whole, the Europeans ruled the colonized peoples of Africa and Asia a sense of racial superiority and propensity to violently subdue any native unrest.   Another negative impact was the ubiquitous slave trade, especially during the first half of the 19th century. The African and Asian continents were collected, traded and bandied about between the powers of Western Europe as if they were common commodities.   When the colonies had lost their utility, often times the European imperialist would pack their bags and leave, without regard to the state of the people or land they were leaving behind.   Despite the legitimate motivations (such as expanding trade) and self-serving justifications (such as Christian missions) used by the Europeans at the time, the impact of imperialism is still felt by peoples indigenous to these lands today.   Based on all of the above, it is safe to conclude that European imperialism on the whole had a negative impact on the Africa and Asia.

Fundamental Perspectives and Techniques of Decision Making Dissertation

Fundamental Perspectives and Techniques of Decision Making - Dissertation Example In the contemporary uncertain business contexts, making a decision which has certainly long-term implications on business requires thorough understanding of all possible future situations and more importantly the managerial ability to balance both controllable and uncontrollable parameters (Bhushan and Rai, 2004, p. 3). Managerial decisions are key factors to influence a firm’s success and failure. Managers need to ensure that their firms are able to continually innovate and get accustomed with changing business environments so that it can maintain a reasonable stance and pace in competitive edge. If managers want their firms to survive in the dynamic and uncertain business conditions, they need to carry out effective decision making processes. ... Creative thinking aims at bringing newer ideas whereas problem solving is directed to find a solution, an answer or a conclusion (Adair, 2010, p. 1). An individual or organizational decision is the end result of much more dynamic processes and a series of activities labeled as ‘decision making’. McGrew, Wilson & Wilson (1982, p. 5) stated that the decision maker, in his decision making process, identifies the problem, clarifies particular goals that are desired, examines various possibilities for achieving the desired goal and finally completes the process by taking a definitive choice of action. Decision is therefore an answer to a specific question or some problems or a choice between two more courses of actions. Ahmad, Hasnain and Venkatesan (2012, p.21) described a five-stage process for decision making. It comprises of identifying all alternatives, valuing these different choices according to preferences and potential outcomes, assembling the information, choosing a mong the preferences and outcomes and finally selecting the most favourable and appropriate choice. Decision that has been taken after careful coordination of information, evaluation of potential outcomes and analyzing of various preferences based on advices, suggestions and help of people involved as members in a group-decision making has been found to be very effective in terms of its appropriateness and positive outcomes. Decision making is a cognitive process that involves logical reasoning and creative thinking about choosing a specific course of action that is supposed to bring the decision maker to a certain result. One of the key challenges in decision making is reducing or eliminating the uncertainty. A better way to avoid uncertainty is to collect relevant information before

Why not to use the INCOTERMS DDP & Exworks to export from usa give 3 Research Paper

Why not to use the INCOTERMS DDP & Exworks to export from usa give 3 example - Research Paper Example For this reason, the USA should refrain from using the terms when exporting from the country. The term Delivered Duty Paid that is commonly abbreviated as DDP has far reaching implications on the seller of the products, whom in this case is represented by the US exporters. To begin with, it places immense costs on the seller that can otherwise be avoided. In this case, it is worth acknowledging that profit making is at the core of any business transaction. To attain this, costs should always be kept minimal. According to recent research, use of DDP implies that all costs pertaining to on carriage, pre-carriage and main carriage would be shouldered by the seller (Editor 59). For example, the US exporters of vehicle parts to Japan would be required to pay for the on carriage, pre carriage as well as main carriage costs. Comparatively, this would be more expensive than if they would not have quoted the term DPP on the freight. Fundamentally, Exworks is employed in notifying the buyer that the respective products which are packed well to meet the export standards are available to the individual buying them, at a specific time and named place. In this respect, it should be appreciated that the buyer is solely responsible the clearance of the exported products (Editors 76). Notably, the buyer may not be in position to carry out and complete all the export formalities either directly or indirectly. This can have direct negative impacts on the exporters who are required to adhere to export compliance regulations at all times. Since the inherent risk is uncertain, the exporters should simply not use the term when exporting from the USA. For example, if the word Exworks is included on the fruits being exported to South Africa, it implies that the exporters would be required to inform the receiver that the goods are packaged well. Supposing the

Critical Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Critical Review - Essay Example From this, five study cohorts were organized with each cohort grouped in two: one group receiving CBT and the other one receiving ST. Data on all participants assessed at baseline, post-treatment, 3 month, and 12-month follow-up on measures of symptoms, mood, self-esteem, insight, social functioning, and hospitalizations by research assistants blind to treatment group were treated with importance and analysed utilising the general linear models (GLM) comparing outcomes (continuous variables) across time for the two treatment groups and also for categorical outcomes. Primary results of the study which centre on the beliefs as to the severity of voices and global auditory hallucinations were measured utilising the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales for auditory hallucinations (PSYRATS) and the Belief about Voices Questionnaire—Revised (BAVQ-R), while the secondary outcomes which include psychotic symptoms, self-esteem, social functioning, insight, depression, and hospitalization we re measured through interview and self-report utilising Social Functioning Scale (SFS); the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II); the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES); and the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS). Results of the study indicate that both interventions are beneficial although on different outcomes: Enhanced ST was specifically effective in reducing auditory hallucinations, while group CBT was found specifically effective in reducing general psychotic symptoms. The inconsistency of these results with other recent group CBT studies – Barrowclough et al. (2006), Bechdolf et al. (2004) nor Wykes et al. (2005) – may be attributed to the basic differences of the participants in this study from those previous current studies which may have resulted to differences in a number of variables. More importantly, although enhance ST and group CBT have proven effective in different outcomes, the positive impact of enhanced ST on beliefs about auditory hallucinations

Assignment #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment #1 - Essay Example The other major concern shown in the article are the more nefarious interests of the Western powers that deliberately foster hatred and doubt amongst the people of poor countries like Rwanda so as to weaken their power and use them for their own vested interests. Waal has just shown the vicious side of the powerful countries who do not hesitate to become the root cause of genocide of people who may belong to different race, color, nation and ethnicity. Since anthropology primarily studies the evolving cultural values that influence the human behavior through the times, applying anthropology in understanding the changing societal paradigms would greatly facilitate in improving inter-personal relationship in the organization, leading to improved performance. The analysis of changing dynamics within the tribes of Rwanda and studying the psychology of the western culture, one would be better equipped to apply the anthropological paradigms and disseminate information regarding cross cultural values. People across the globe need to inculcate better understanding of cross cultural values. The article by Bourgois discusses the problems that have risen from the migration of people across borders. It is the most sensitive issue of the contemporary times. The changing dynamics of the societal norms across the globe has resulted in the huge migration of people from one country to another. The social problems arising from the new emerging social fabric are widespread. The most important are the employment opportunities, housing and medical facilities for the new migrant labor. The author asserts that the state has not been able to meet the challenges of the times and the marginalized population is often poorly paid which makes a mockery of so called social integration. This segment then becomes vulnerable and gets caught into the vicious cycle of drugs, prostitution and other

Aristotle and Plato on Realism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aristotle and Plato on Realism - Essay Example When Aristotle and Plato are contrasted, it becomes clear that their efforts were largely responsible for the inclusion of metaphysical inquiry into Western philosophical thought. Both philosophers provided highly differing views on reality and the way it could be conceptualised but this does not serve to indicate that their views were altogether opposed to each other. Instead, there are fine lines where both Plato and Aristotle tend to agree and other areas where they tend to disagree. This paper will explore areas where both philosophers tend to agree on the domain of realism. Plato held that the ultimate reality behind an object were notions or concepts of that object. He argued that things in the physical world are merely abstract representations of various kinds of universal concepts. It could be argued that Plato thought that in order to understand reality it was necessary to approach the world of various ideas. This method of interpreting reality has been labelled as Platonic realism where ideas are given greater preference to the physical object in ruder to perceive reality. Plato also holds that the true nature of reality revolves around the idea that abstract universals create the physical reality. However, there are limitations on perceiving these universals because in effect these universals have no spatial or temporal characteristics that could be realised or tested. In his treatise on the issue, Plato has argued that all physical objects have some kind of a universal form. These universal forms exist outside the realm of these objects but one cannot perceive these universals. The object in question can be physically observed such as by visual observation and this could be enhanced by studying the object in detail to form concepts about it. This would in turn allow the object under scrutiny to develop a physical reality based on concepts and notions of universals that support its existence. In order to support the ideas behind and the existence of universals Plato rested his argument on a few other elements. These elements included the principles of self-predication, one over many and non-self partaking. When these ideas are put together, they tend to culminate into a greater understanding of Platonic realism. Furthermore, these ideas tend to serve as the bedrock and foundation for Platonic world of forms and in effect for Plato’s conception on reality (Bakalis). When Aristotle’s ideas on reality are considered, it can be said that his conception of reality differed from that of Plato but not very significantly. Aristotle’s conception of ultimate reality is not as highly differentiated from Plato’s realism as is often projected in texts. The bedrock of Aristotle’s ultimate reality is based on instantiated universals while the basis for Plato’s realism is un-instantiated universals. Much like Plato, Aristotle held that the universal form of any physical object is not removed from the o bject itself. Instead this kind of existence is used as predication for the existence of the object under question. In addition, Aristotle also held that the form of the object under question did not exist in a separate mystical world held by Plato but instead it existed within the existence of that object itself (Jackson). The Platonic world of forms is where Plato believed the form of an object to exist. However, Aristotle held t

Use of 3D glasses in cinemas Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Use of 3D glasses in cinemas - Research Paper Example Cinema, as we have them in modernity today, has had its share of evolution ever since film was invented. If they were once merely dark theatres with images projected on the screen, they have now become a luxurious avenue to provide utmost entertainment.Although many of these trends have arrived in the more recent years, the use of three-dimensional (3D) glasses in cinemas had been present in the 1950s. Also, such trend is only a recurring gimmick to attract movie goers, not necessarily giving viewers the â€Å"perfect† movie experience. Binocular Vision and 3D History Stereoscopy, or 3D imaging, began with Charles Wheatstone’s discovery of binocular vision or stereopsis, defined as â€Å"the ability to use the combined points of view from the two eyes or cameras to reconstruct three-dimensional solid objects and to perceive depth,† (Mataric 114) which is the backbone principle of stereoscopic cinemas.A brief history of stereoscopic cinema as presented by Ronfard is adapted in this paper. In the 1950s, movie theater audience was significantly reduced in the emergence of the television (TV), and stereoscopic cinema became an approach to bring them back. Thus, this caused the emergence of a flock of commercial stereoscopic films during the decade, but eventually died down because of the discomfort it gives the audience. 3D movies could not surpass the value of two-dimensional (2D), because the visual quality and cinematographic content of the former, brought about by lack of mastery in stereoscopic filming techniques therefore giving viewers a headache. The 1980s was again bombarded with stereoscopic films, but was not successful as well, not until technology needed to produce quality stereoscopic films, both for shooting and viewing, arrived. Animated movies in 3D then came with lower visual strain to viewers, paving a way for new experiments on the field. Thus, this period became 3D’s rebirth, giving us what we now have today (12-14). 3D Glasses There are two most commonly used types of 3D glasses: anaglyph and polarized. Anaglyph process uses colors to encode depth, thus it can be presented with a single color print and red and blue-filtered glasses (Kennel 157). These glasses would filter out red on one lens, and blue on the other lens, creating the 3D effect similar to that in binocular vision. Anaglyphic encoding is the cheapest of all 3D systems, the most largely distributed and available, and efficient in black-and-white 3D used in depth placement and correction (Mendiburu 56). Modern types of 3D glasses are polarized glasses, nowadays used in films as well as in theme parks and rides. When using these types of glasses, â€Å"two images are projected through different polarization filters onto a surface that reflects the light toward viewers, keeping the polarization of the incoming light (mostly) unmodified† (Mrak, Grgic, and Kunt 394). Polarized glasses have been adjusted according to linear or ci rcular polarization, where the latter is preferred in order to see the same image quality despite head position changes of the viewers. An advantage of this type of glasses is its ability to block the bright glare of horizontally polarized light by transmitting it to the surface and permits vertically polarized light, which are weaker, to pass (Raymer 254). 3D Films as Gimmick Audiences are important because they are the reason a film is made, and audience size and reaction often convey the success or failure of a media product (Rayner, Wall and Kruger). In viewing media as a source of entertainment, it has given us a number of innovations that would change our media experience, particularly with the invention of film and the genius of television. In this point, 3D film viewing is presented as merely a gimmick, and not as a necessity in order to create an extraordinary movie experience that surpasses 2D. As mentioned

Challenges in Lobbying strategies Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Challenges in Lobbying strategies - Coursework Example One may wonder where to start. It is imperative to first know the policy maker before meeting him or her. This would involve identifying his or her interest in the policy issue and the connection to the topic of interest (Mason et al., 2011). His or her webpage would offer more insights on this. Additionally, in order to create interpersonal relationship with the policymaker, it is advisable to be ready with a brief and easy to understand message about the state of the current child obesity policies within the state. Since the elected officials often meet their constituents, it is imperative to make a long-lasting impression by getting the policy maker understand child obesity and how it has become a health concern among the people (Bailey et al., 2007). It is through this engagement that creates interpersonal relationships and allows the policy maker to understand the issue at hand. It is also essential to have facts ready in order to use them as the terms of reference. Policy makers like real life examples and references. The best approach to communicate to a policy maker would be enlightening him or her of the prevalence of child obesity in his state or region and how soon this may get out of hand (Bailey et al., 2007). Giving simple statistics about the effects of such an issue would offer a starting point and would engage the policy maker more. Therefore, since effective communication is vested on interpersonal relations, the best approach when communicating to a policy maker on childhood obesity would center on first understanding the law maker and creating personal

Ppt About Forbidden City Essay Example for Free

Ppt About Forbidden City Essay 1 Introduction The Forbidden City, also called the Palace Museum, which was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Forbidden City was built from 1406 to 1420 by the Yongle Emperor who was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The English name of the Forbidden City is a translation of its Chinese name Zijin Cheng, which means that the Forbidden City is the residence of the emperor and his family, and no one could enter or leave the palace without the emperors approval. The Forbidden City is a rectangle 961 metres from north to south and 753 metres from east to west. Besides, it consists of 980 surviving buildings with 8,886 bays of rooms. It is obviously the largest palace around the world. As the home of 24 emperors, 12 of the Ming Dynasty, and 10 of the Qing Dynasty, the palace was the political centre of China for more than 500 years, and this is one of the reasons why we interested in this topic. In the following sections, we will introduce the Forbidden City’s three main halls, The Hall of Mental Cultivation, the famous emperors and the stories of the palace, famous music about the Forbidden City, online virtual Forbidden City, and the best time to travel. 2 Descriptions 2-1 The three main halls There are three halls stand on top of a three-tiered white marble terrace of the square of the palace. They contain the Hall of Supreme Harmony (Chinese: Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¥â€™Å'æ ® ¿), the Hall of Central Harmony(Chinese: ä ¸ ­Ã¥â€™Å'æ ® ¿), and the Hall of Preserving Harmony (Chinese: ä ¿ Ã¥â€™Å'æ ® ¿). The Hall of Supreme Harmony is the largest and highest level hall of the Forbidden City. Every emperor’s coronation, birthday ceremony, wedding ceremony, and other important ceremonies or political affairs had taken place in this hall. The Hall of Central Harmony is a smaller and square hall, used by the Emperor to rehearse and rest before and during ceremonies. Behind the Hall of Central Harmony, the Hall of Preserving Harmony, it was used by the emperor to banquet the nobility on every Chinese Eve, or other important festivals. In Qing Dynasty, the emperor had taken the most important imperial examinations, Dian Shi (Chinese: æ ® ¿Ã¨ © ¦) in this hall. 2-2 The Hall of Mental Cultivation The reason why we introduce this hall separately is that the Hall of Mental Cultivation is a particularly significant building of the Forbidden City of Qing Dynasty since 1722. The Hall of Mental Cultivation is well-known for the Yongzheng Emperor, who was the 5th emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and son of the Kangxi Emperor. He ruled the Chinese Empire from 1722 to 1735. During his ruling time, the emperor lived in this hall. After his death, other emperors lived in this hall continually, thus the hall had been the actual dominate centre of the Chinese Empire from 1722 to 1911, the ruin of the Qing Dynasty.

Job satisfaction and employer employee relations

Job satisfaction and employer employee relations Job satisfaction is an integral component of organization environment and important element in management -employee relationship. It is the important subject for the success of business in other words, effect directly or indirectly to the company and customers. Job satisfaction is directly related with improving of company and efficiency of employee. Are the employees happy with his/her present job? This is the main question whose answer has great significance in professional life. If they are happy with their job then there is no problem in company and their daily life. If they were not happy with their job, thats the main problem. And how to solve that problem? What are the causes of job dissatisfaction? Job satisfaction plays main role in defining the employee efficiency and productivity. According to Moorhead and Griffin (2010 p.69) Job satisfaction is the extent to which a person is gratified or fulfilled by his or her work. McDonalds is the worlds biggest chain of the fast food restaurant, it serves food nearly 47 million customers daily through more than 31000 restaurants in 119 countries. McDonalds sells different types of fast food like burger, fries, salad and soft drinks. Mc Donald is being popular because of serving food to customers within a minute, served over the counters, products are standard, customers are really attractive because of low price, cleaned place higher standard, hygienic and consistent food quality, comfortable restaurant environment, quality service and it focused on all level of customers those people who have less purchasing power. Most of the customers are really satisfied with the service of McDonald there was no negative response from the customer. It is true customers are really satisfied but the question comes out to employee who serves to customer. Are the employees of McDonald is satisfied with their job? In which environment they are working? Are there minimum level of facilities are provided by company in the work place? This is very important on the working time. Because of bad working environment sometimes employee says bad words. A word of mouth can do a lot of harm to an organization; this is the causes of employee job dissatisfaction. Employee learning and job satisfaction are two assets that could be tracked on the part of the value creation net.( B. Throsten ,2006). The whole fast food restaurant business depends on the employee to achieve this goal: Hence an employee is one of the key element in fast food restaurant ( wang, 2004). Problem of statement In todays context McDonald has been popular day by day in the fast food restaurant name. According to McDonald website the employee of McDonalds are fully satisfied with their job and customers also. But there is high employee turnover ratio. If the old employees are really satisfied why they leaved their job? And why new employees are attract in McDonald? Are the environment of McDonald is really good? What factors directly influence in the staff turnover and absenteeism on organization? The organizational environment is significance related to the employee job satisfaction but same little affects on employee job performance. Organization that have goals to achieve requires satisfied and happy staff.(ashagbemi,2000). When the employees see that his expectations are not met in the job environment, the job dissatisfaction emerges. It leads to decrease in work efficiency, organization commitment and commitment to the job increase in the rate of optional dissatisfaction of the job.(Sant happaraj, Srini and ling 2005; Payne and Morrision,2002;Redfern,2005;denizer,2008;Gellatly 2005and Sagie,2002) The relation between job satisfaction and organizational climate and arrested that people were the heart of any enterprises because their ideas, attitudes and effort key causes of organization success (Rice.C,1982). Individual in the organization have certain expectation and fulfilment of these depends upon their perception whether organizational climate suits according to their needs or not.( Butt, Bhutto and Abbes,2011). In the fast food restaurant, employees job satisfaction directly affect on the quality of food service, which means the effect on customer satisfaction when the employees are satisfied they works hard and try to give best service for customer.(ling Qin,2004) According to Dunn (2008) The chains annual employee turnover at 700000-or nearly 44% of the companys 1.6 million employees worldwide. A high employee-turnover rate has been perennial problem for the fast food restaurant. Which grows to 130% (john.s, 2007) Organizations managers must know how to manage the workers in organisation but the human nature is difference. So, their thinking depends on their nature and their demand will be difference which cannot refer by company which effect on employee satisfaction. Job satisfaction directly related with the organizational environments like job performance of employee, employee motivation, and customers satisfaction. The factors which effects on job satisfaction is wages, promotion, supervision, facilities etc. Aim of Research To identify the factors, which improve the satisfaction level of employee? To predict the value of job satisfaction and objectives workplace variables such as absenteeism, employee turnover and productivity. To ensure what happens when the employee dissatisfaction? Objectives of Research To identify the factors which are most likely to influence job satisfaction on McDonalds To assess the job satisfaction level on McDonald. To know employee satisfaction towards the facilities. To offer valuable suggestion to improve the satisfaction level of employee. To ensure what happens when the employee dissatisfaction? To evaluate critically relevant theoretical research into job satisfaction. To gain the knowledge of job characteristics and variance model of job satisfaction. To explore what is known of the relation between job satisfaction and other variables such as gender, age, personality.. Why employee job satisfaction is compulsory? And Gaining the knowledge of relation between job and general life satisfaction. To analyze the causes of satisfaction and dissatisfaction among employees in nature of their work and area of dissatisfaction. To identify the practices of motivation among employees and their job satisfaction in industry and the   individual measures for better motivational practices to encourage employees. Conclude the  suggestions on the basis of the research finding. Conclude the  suggestions on the basis of the research finding. Significance of study Improving the relationship between the employee and the organizational climate at work time. Improving the employee efficiency to qualitative and quantities product. Try to understand employees felling and respect their job which effort to organization. Key Issues to be considered Structure of industry Work environment management Employee Involvement Pay system Job  secure Relation between employer-employee and among partners Recognition for good work  and work environment Development and  Career opportunity Literature review Job satisfaction us the feeling of happy by the worker what he/she worked. An attitude which results from a balancing and summation of many specific likes and dislikes experienced in connection with the job. It is the employees judgement of how well the job on the whole satisfying his various needs. Job satisfaction focus on all feeling that an individual has about his/ her job. However what makes a job satisfaction or dissatisfaction does not depends only on the job, but also on the expectations that that individuals have of what their jobs should provide.(Lu, while Bariball, 2004). According to Oxford Dictionary job satisfaction is an application of effort to a purpose, force in action, doing of something a task for materials to be operated on doing as experiences of specified kind employment especially as a means of earning money, a thing done or made, a product or manifestation. .Robbins, Odendaal and Roodt (2003) state there have been to approaches to the study of job satisfaction the global approach and the fact approach. The global approach explains job satisfaction as a single, overall feelings towards a job while the facet approach suggests that there are different facets or different aspects of jobs such as rewards (pay or funds benefits) other people on the job (supervisor) job conditions, communication, security, promotion opportunities, and the nature of the work itself. Lockes (1976) says job satisfaction depends upon the nature of a persons values and needs as well as upon the nature of job. Is this approach really matched for all employment? It is believed that the job facet approach permits a more complete picture of job satisfaction and an individual naturally has different levels of satisfaction with view to the various facets. I think this approach is not equivalent for all types of employees. FW Taylor. (1911) job satisfaction based on a most pragmatic essentially pessimistic philosophy that man is motivation by money alone. Taylor is the father of the management he focus the job satisfied fulfilled by money which is the most essential for whole life. S.K Srivastav (2005) suggested job satisfaction is general attitude which is the result of many specific attitudes in three areas-(a) specific job factor. (b) Individual characteristics (c) group relationship outside the job. And Pestoyee (1991) states job satisfaction can be taken as a summation of employees feelings in four important areas. (a) job nature of work, (b) management (c) social relations (d) personal adjustment. OECD research (2000) investigated job satisfaction of employee depends on the employee status, gender and hours, the self-employed tend to indicate grater satisfaction with their jobs then employees. There are some salient differences in the pattern of job satisfaction by gender. Male employees to be likely to report interesting job satisfaction with lengthening hours of work. While female employees does not. Man and women own account workers the pattern difference in both case the peak satisfaction occurs in job of around 40hr has week. Both authors are in same way but Pestoyee added about the management which is the most important part of the organizational climate. The entire environment depends on management level. So, if higher level manager want the can do everything for employees satisfaction I am argue with this report all the employees want to sufficient wages for expenses in their daily life.non of the employees are satisfied if they have not sufficient money to use in daily life. This is the cause of weekly 40hrs work. Job satisfaction is a collection of numerous attitudes towards various aspects of the job and represents a general attitude, performance of specific task, such as preparing a particular monthly report cant necessary be predicted a particular monthly report cant necessary be predicted on the basis of general attitude. (S.W. John, 2007) Job satisfaction is important for many reasons. Because satisfaction represents an outcome of the work experience, high level of dissatisfaction helps to identity organization problem that need attention. Job satisfaction helps to strongly linked to absenteeism turnover and physical and mental health problems. Job satisfaction refers to the attitude and feelings people have about their work positive and favourable attitudes towards the job indicate job satisfaction. Negative and unfavourable attitudes towards the job indicate job dissatisfaction. (A.Michael, 2006). As same Dunnette, Campbell Hakel, (1967) said that both intrinsic and extrinsic factor appeared to be associated with both job satisfaction job dissatisfaction depending on what was important to the individual. In this case everyone is trying to getting positive attitude and likes to show higher performance for promotion. If the level of job satisfaction is affected by intrinsic and extrinsic motivating factors. The quality of supervision, social relationships with the work group and the degree to which individuals succeed or fail in their work. Litwin and stringr (1968) developed the general measure of organizational climate is the organizational Climate quaternaries (OCQ) the studies have investigation the characteristic of the OCQ (e.g. factor structure) and the relationship of the OCQ to other organisational behaviour constructs. putti and bhun (1988) investigated the relationship between the OCQ and job description index as well. They also concluded that job satisfaction is highly correlated with organizational climate. Organizational climate and the job satisfaction are really linked together. For the employee satisfaction better environment is compulsory but it does not means to hi-fi.it means appropriate which depends on work. Job satisfaction related with personal characteristic employees value and job expectation, ability to attend, situation attendance and pressure to attend.( Steers Rhodeds ,1978). Numerous studies have shown that dissatisfied employees are more likely to quit their jobs or be absent than satisfied employee (Hackett and guion, 1985: hulin, ruznowski, and hacliya, 1985 kohler and mathiu, 1993) job satisfaction shows correlation with turnover and absenteeism in the-25range job dissatisfaction also appears to be related to other withdrawal behaviour including lateness, unionizations grievances drug abuse and decision to retire. The employees who are satisfied with their jobs they want to stay long time in an organization and dissatisfied employee try to be turnover and like to absenteeism. The state job security is the one of most important things for job satisfaction. Social life is more challenging for every employee. So they want to more benefits from organization. Like high payment. Opportunities to use kills and abilities and feeling sat in the work environment. (Kathy ,2010)

Essay --

INTRODUCTION This consultancy report is addressed to Walmart, the leading multinational retail company of the world planning to enter in recently liberalised and reformed Indian retail sector, where foreign direct investment has been allowed cent-percent in real terms. The report deals with four specified aspects. Firstly political system and risk of India is analysed from the perspective of Walmart. Next market potential is assessed with reference to opportunities and challenges. Further trade and investment barriers are detailed with reference to the observation of the World Bank. Finally entry mode and location choice is recommended for Walmart to operate in India, where the likely cross-cultural management point is also made. MAIN BODY Assessing Political System and Risk Political risk assessment is a vital part of international investment by multinational companies, where political risk all concerns to the risk that a host country ctreate through its political decisions that might be dterimental for on the success and survival of the multinational companyies in profitable manner. Unfavorable political system or policies might result in detriments in the extensive damage because of revolution to those of a more fiscal nature, in the form of the formation of laws that put off the movement of capital (Phung, 2009). Naturally whilst investing in Indian market Walmart needs to close assess the likely political risk situation in the country, from the perspective various factors relating to political risk. As Dà ¶rrenbà ¤cher and Geppert .(2013) argue that multinational companies might be breeding grounds for internal political pressure in a host country where fight for control amid head quarters and their subsidiaries might dis... ...minate the trade and investment barriers from the perspective of multinational companies such as Walmart. Hence, Walmart can hope a better trade and investment environment in Indian. It can work with the government in the country together with World Bank for negotiating maximum in its favour in the new policy environment, Walmart has more opportunities and challlenges, but opportunities may well be exploited only in the case of choosing the right entry mode. Walmart has two potential options in the forms aquisition or creating subsidiary in the country. The former would be comparatively more effective considering the unorganised nature of Indian retail sector. The success of this multinational company in India will be largely depend on cross-cultural management, particularly in the context of standardisation versus adaptation whether the later can be recommended.

Miranda vs. Arizona Essay -- essays research papers

Miranda vs. Arizona:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This case had to do with an Ernest Miranda who raped a Patty McGee*. After extracting a written confession from the rapist about the situation, Miranda’s lawyer argued that it was not valid since the Phoenix Police Department failed to read Miranda his rights, also in violation of the Sixth Amendment which is the right to counsel. Some factors that helped support Miranda’s arguments were that the suspect had requested and been denied an opportunity to consult with a lawyer; the suspect had not been effectively warned about his right to remain silent; and an incriminating statement must have been given by the suspect. The author of the Arizona court’s decision, former U.S. Senator and Arizona governor Ernest W. McFarland, said that Miranda had not requested a lawyer at the time of his detention and therefore was not entitled to the protections offered by such thins as in the Escobedo vs. Illinois case.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Two months after the nation’s highest court agreed to hear arguments in the case of Miranda vs. Arizona, John Flynn and John Frank submitted their outline of the case and legal arguments in support of their position. They continued their argument that Ernest Miranda’s Sixth Amendment right to counsel had been violated by the Phoenix Police Department: â€Å"The day is here to recognize the full meaning of the Sixth Amendment,† they wrote. â€Å"We invoke the basic principles (that) ‘he requires the guiding...

Savage Cultures in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Heart of Darkness Essay: Savage Cultures Conrad effectively evokes a dream like image of the jungle by using language. He uses strong words to describe the natives appearances, characteristics and presumed behavior. Very common in his descriptions are the use of very strong and erotic words like "wild " and "intense". For example the description of a boat load of natives paddling down stream is distinctly primitive. He says "they shouted, and sang†¦ their bodies streamed with perspiration; they had grotesque masks†¦but they had bone, muscle, a wild vitality and intense energy of movement†¦"(78). In contrast a comparison, to the author’s description of a white, affluent, suggestively desirable race, made them appear artificial, sloppy and lethargic. Clearly seen in the following phrase, "flabby, pretending, weak-eyed devil of a rapacious and pitiless folly"(81). Another obvious implication of a primitive and savage culture using language, which gives the reader the illusion of wilderness, is the author's use of the word cannibals. By using the word cannibal the author implies a savage and uncivilized race, since both the word and the act are abrasive. Especially in context with the period this text was written in, 1910. Back then, the idea of natives in the jungle was a proven fact not a rumor or fantasy. Already afraid of this reality the use of the word made the image of the native more frightening and convoluted. Whereas today, cannibals are hardly threatening at all since the likelihood of their existence is purely fiction. Ironically, Conrad is able to combine the use of this word with a very tender and humorous description of his crew, "Fine fellows - cannibals-in their place. They were men one could work with†¦And, after all, they did not eat each other before my face: they brought along a provision of hippo-meat"(104). A last description of a native is of Marlow’s companion the "savage who was fireman"(106). He too was described to imbue the image of a savage as society had presupposed a native would look like. Marlow describes his native physical traits, beginning with a description of his teeth. He said " -and he had filed teeth, too, the poor devil, and the wool of his pate shaved into queer patterns, and three ornamental scars on each of his cheeks.

Interview With Teacher Essay

I interviewed a teacher, Mr. Sameulson, from Stallings Island Middle School. He taught me a lot about his field through our interview in which we covered in the following: his background that prepared him to be the teacher he is today, how he educates students with disabilities, how common instructional accommodations help students, the goals that develop student academic independence and self-advocacy, the research-validated interventions Stallings Island Middle School offers, and how he feels about being adequately prepared for his teaching program. Running Head: INTERVIEW WITH A TEACHER, MR. SAMEULSON 3. I interviewed my mentor teacher Beau Samuelson, who is the resource room teacher for Math, Science, and Social Studies at Stallings Island Middle School. During my interview with Mr. Samuelson, I found out that he had a passion to educate children about sail boating that he wanted to educate other children with their academics. I learned a lot about Mr. Samuelson and his field through our interview in which we covered in the following: his background that prepared him to be the teacher he is today, how he educates students with disabilities, how common instructional accommodations help students, the goals that develop student academic  independence and self-advocacy, the research-validated interventions Stallings Island Middle School offers, and how he feels about being adequately prepared for his teaching program. Mr. Samuelson currently is 33 years old. He went to school for engineering but later realized that this career was not the life for him. He went to Augusta State University to get his Bachelor’s Degree in special education. On his degree he told me he got to pick certain disabilities to be qualified in. He said, â€Å"I picked inter-related. I do not work with severe special education kids but I am certified to. † Mr. Samuelson informed me he is also certified in mind- set-training, which is a nonviolent crisis intervention, to restrain children. He is allowed to work with children with Crisis Prevention Intervention (CPI). CPI is a safe environment for children with disruptive and bad behavior. He also works with children with severe Emotional Behavior Disorder (EBD). Children with EBD may cause harm to themselves and others. His aunt noticed that he enjoyed youth sailboat racing. He found out he wanted to work with children when he was a part of a sailboat racing company and he helped educate children about sailing. He had a passion for teaching kids. He said, â€Å"I love helping educate these kid. I am happy to help a child in a learning process with sailboats or academics. † His passion for racing sailboats helped him decide to go to school for special education. His aunt got him a paraprofessional job. This helped Running Head: INTERVIEW WITH A TEACHER, MR. SAMEULSON 4 him get hands-on experience with children with disabilities. He went to school for a total of nine years. He also has a teaching degree in Social Studies and Math. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"I am highly qualified for high school Math. I taught enough course work, so I got certified in it. † He has taught a total of 15 years: three-years at Westside High school, one-year at Murphy Middle School, six-years at Riverside Middle School, and five-years at Stallings Middle School. Educating students with disabilities is different from their typical peers, because they fall in the cracks. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"They usually are not on grade level so teachers have to have these kids on grade level by eight grades. † These kids typically fall in the gaps. These children need a lot of one-on-one time together. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"Intervention programs are appropriate here. † Also there are extra accommodations that help children in the special education program. There are many extra accommodations to help special education students. Mr. Samuelson teaches a class in the morning called Achievement Period Offered (AO). There are also Academic Electives (AE) during the middle of the day. In Academic Elective Mr. Samuelson told me that in the intervention programs that take place organized teaching occurs; teachers teach study skills, how to prepare for assessments, and give a copy of the notes with blanks. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"There is one-on-one time and tests read to students. † These accommodations help students so they do not fail the classes they are behind in. There is a plan of a range of goals to help develop student academic independence and self-advocacy. The school looks at every student three years process. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"Resource classrooms goal is to get these students into co-taught classes. † These students seemed too developed on their weaknesses. Mr. Samuelson, â€Å"It is a struggle to get kids over learned helplessness, because they will fight that they need help. † This academic independence will gradually reduce overtime. These students get time-in-half to take a test. Mr. Samuelson Running Head: INTERVIEW WITH A TEACHER, MR. SAMEULSON 5 said, â€Å"In reality these kids will not get a time in a half to do their work outside of school. † He feels like this is such a disadvantage with these children. Research has proven that children with disabilities struggle in many academic fields and need a different way to learn the material. There is reading and math research-validated interventions used with struggling students and with disabilities. The reading intervention helps students learn to read naturally. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"This is all done by research. † The program where students read naturally works on fluency, compression, and spelling. The Math intervention focuses on number world, transition mathematics, and elevation of mathematics. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"These are great intervention programs to help these struggling children with disabilities. † These programs and Mr. Samuelson have helped these students with disabilities accomplish through their struggles with set goals. Mr. Samuelson believes his educational background has prepared him adequately in his  teacher education program to adequately meet the demands of the classroom on a daily basis. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"Every county is different by helping teachers with their procedures to teaching. † It is important to know how to accommodate children with disabilities. He believes he is blessed working under a good principle, because his principle helps teachers that need it. The principle is not scared to ask teachers for advice, and he has a great bond with his teachers as well. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"He has resources from other teachers if he needs them and he has a good foundation. Augusta State University cannot prepare you for this in a four-year period to be an individual teacher. † He believes his paraprofessional job helped him with hands on learning with children with or without disabilities. Observing in the schools throughout college helped him become the teacher he is today. Mr. Samuelson said, â€Å"Augusta State taught me how to be flexible and roll with changes kind of teacher. † For instance, he has to be able to be a co-teacher Running Head: INTERVIEW WITH A TEACHER, MR. SAMEULSON 6 or teach a resource room as well as a full-time Math teacher for the semester. He informed me when a teacher signs a contract this is what it entitles a special education teacher, too. I have learned a lot about Mr. Samuelson’s life and how Stalling Island Middle school is a welcoming environment for children with or without disabilities. It has a lot of advantages for children with disabilities because it offers a lot of co-teaching, resource rooms, one-on-one time, and it has specific classrooms for students with severe disabilities. The curriculum for students with disabilities has to be flexible and meet the needs for children with disabilities and children without.

Csr in Inidan Banking Sector Essay

State regulatory bodies, NGOs, media, customers have significantly addressed social responsibility issues in banking sector. International organization such as World Bank also exerts pressures on banks to analyze social and environmental risk involved in projects to be financed. In addition the reputation and resultant profitability of an organization are greatly effected by their CSR activities. Researchers have found a positive correlation between CSR and financial performance of the organization. Around the globe, a good commitment is being shown by the banking industry to CSR principles. Banks are showing conscious efforts to reduce the regulatory actions by depicting a good environmental citizen image. Banking in India has originated in the last decades of the 18th century with the establishment of General Bank of India in 1786, and the Bank of Hindustan set up in 1870 (both banks are now defunct). At present, the commercial banking structure in India consists of Scheduled Commercial Banks & Unscheduled Banks. Banking in India has evolved in four distinct phases: Foundation phase, Expansion phase, consolidation phase and Reforms phase. An integrated approach of combining CSR with the ultimate customer satisfaction is being adopted by Indian banking industry voluntarily. An attempt has been initiated to ensure social responsible behavior of banking sector in a more systematic manner. Public and private sector banks have common thrust areas which are children welfare, community welfare, education, environment, healthcare, poverty eradication, rural development, vocational training, women’s empowerment, protection to girl child, employment. The core areas for reporting CSR activities are slightly different in both public and private sector banks. The major areas investigated for reporting CSR activities in public and private sector banks is shown by the Figure 1 and Figure 2 respectively below: X axis in the below charts represents the fields of CSR activities and Y axis represents the number of banks working in the particular fields out of the selected sample. Figure 1: Core thrust areas for reported CSR activities in public sector banks Source: 1-IJAEBM-Volume-No-1-Issue-No-2-CSR-Practices-and-CSR-Reporting-in-Indian-Banking-Sector-058-066 As per the chart above rural development has been the ost actively participated activity for Indian public sector banks. Besides, their primary focus has been on gender equality through women empowerment. Figure 2: Core thrust areas for reported CSR activities in private sector banks Source: 1-IJAEBM-Volume-No-1-Issue-No-2-CSR-Practices-and-CSR-Reporting-in-Indian-Banking-Sector-058-066 Enhancing the level of education and employment has been the major areas for reporting CSR activities i n Indian private sector bank. Following are community welfare, programs for child welfare and protection of environment. 3. 1 RBI guidelines on CSR: On December 20, 2007 RBI circulated a notice for all the scheduled commercial banks to highlight the role of banks in corporate social responsibility, with title â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainable Development and Non-Financial Reporting – Role of Banks†. Major issues discussed in the notice were regarding – 1. Corporate Social Responsibility 2. Sustainable Development 3. Non-Financial Reporting Talking about the corporate social responsibility program RBI followed many international initiatives to highlight the importance of the notice like – 1. United Nations Environment Program Finance Initiative (UNEP FI) 2. They can achieve the mission by supporting initiatives that are * Cost effective * Capable of large-scale replication * Measurable * Having potential for both near and long-term impact. * Banks must provide appropriate training to its employees on environmental and social risks in lending to ensure that climate change is taken into account in corporate banking decisions. 6. Conclusion The CSR moment in the banking sector is slowing picking the pace. Many banks are showing their inclination and interest towards the CSR activities and believe it as their social responsibility. On the other side CSR reporting practices are far from satisfaction. There are hardly few banks which report their activities on triple bottom line principles. The lack of uniform standards for rating CSR practices leads to problem in comparison of corporate houses and difficulty in determining the CSR rating. In spite of the slow adaptation of CSR reporting practices in India, it is predicted to pick up a great pace in near future. The need for enacting some stringent regulatory provisions to ensure adherence to social responsibility principles is necessary. https://ru.scribd.com/doc/19779226/CSR-PROGRAM-IN-BANKING-SECTOR-AN-INDIAN-PERSPECTIVE http://www.karmayog.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_social_responsibility

Psychological Testing Essay

Psychological testing refers to as a field which is characterized by the use of samples of behavior in to the way of generalizations of every given individual. In psychological testing, however, it is usually not possible to control all the extraneous variables, but the metaphor here is a useful one that forces us on the standardized procedures, on the eliminations of conflicting causes on experimental control and on the generation of hypotheses that can be further investigated. Thus, psychological testing a narrower concept referring to the psychometric aspects of a test. The actual administration and scoring of the test and the interpretation made of the scores. Tests Test is define as an objective and standardized measure of a sample of behavior. objectivity is at least a theoretically, most aspects of a test such as how the test is scored and how the score is interpreted, are not a function of the subjective decision of a particular examiner but are based on objective criteria. Standardization: that is, no matter who administers scores and interprets the test, there is uniformity of procedure and a sample behavior. A test is not a psychological X-ray, nor does it necessarily reveal hidden conflicts and for-bidden wishes; it is a sample of a person’s behavior, hopefully a representative sample from which we can draw some inferences and hypotheses. Tests are used for a wide variety of purposes that can be subsumed under more general categories. These categories include classification, self-understanding, program evaluation and scientific inquiry. (Kline, 2000). Major Categories of Tests Classification  Classification involves a decision that a particular person belongs in a certain category, For example, based on test results we may assign a diagnosis to a patient, place a student in the introductory Spanish course rather than the intermediate or advanced course, or certify that a person has met the minimal qualifications to practice medicine. Self-understanding Self-understanding involves using test information as a source of information about oneself. Such information may already be available to the individuals, but not in a formal way. For example, a student studying electrical engineering her high GRE scores confirm what she already knows, that she has the potential abilities required for graduate work. Program evaluation Program evaluation involves the use of tests to assess the effectiveness of a particular program or course of action. You have probably seen in the newspaper, tables indicating the average achievement test scores for various schools in your geographical area, with the scores often taken, perhaps incorrectly as evidence of the competency level of a particular school. Program offered by a mental health clinic, or the effectiveness of a new medication. Scientific inquiry If you glance through most professional journals in the social and behavioral sciences, you will find that a large majority of studies use psychological tests to operationally define relevant variables and to translate hypotheses into numerical statements that can be assessed statistically. (Kline, 2000). Major Users and Uses of these Tests  Tests are tools usually used by professionals to make what may possibly be some serious decisions about a client: thus both test and the decision process involves a variety of ethical considerations to make sure that the decisions made are in the best interest of all concerned and that the process is carried out in a professional manner. There are serious concerns on the part of both psychologists and lay people, a about the nature of psychological testing and its potential misuse, as well as demands for increased use of tests. Kline, 2000). Concepts of Reliability and Validity The word reliability refers to the extent that a measure is relatively free or random error and is consistent in the numbers assigned to objects or events while validity refers to whether the number obtained truly reflects what the user intended to measure. Therefore, validity requires reliability because validity is not a property of the measure, but instead it is to the truthfulness of the inferences that are drawn from the measure. However, a concept of reliability usually gives the accuracy of a measurement, while the concepts of validity it relates to the truthfulness of a measurement. The concepts of reliability and validity can be explain as when estimating parameters from some data with statistical methods, it is important to understand the uncertainty of parameters. The uncertainty comes from two sources: sampling and measuring the study units. Often the data is a (random) sample from a population. (Hoshmand, 1994). The first error then comes from collecting the data and generalizing the results to a population level. Another source of error is present when measuring the study units when assessing the quality of the collected and measured data set, we end up with questions: Are we measuring the right thing? How accurate our measurements are? The former question leads us to the concept of validity which is the most important property of measurement. The latter question is related to the concept of reliability. The concept of reliability and validity has a major impact in the field of psychological testing. this is because that since generalizability theory is for investigating and designing the reliable observations, thus, each has test score, a single true score, single reliability and validity coefficient and belong to one family of parallel observations, but the generalizability theory which serves both may produce error which is due to multiple scores. (Rush, First, & Blacker, 2008).

Effects of Rising Technology Essay

In the twenty first century, evolution and constant use of technology have greatly impacted humans, and their ways to approaching media. Many people believe that technology has improved the quality of life of the people at a great depth, while others see it as a force that has escaped from human control. Modern technology such as Internet, may help people solve problems or gather information faster than an ordinary human being is capable of. At the same time, it can also destroy one’s social life and interactions with humans if proper balance is not maintained. While people’s thoughts regarding the two sides are intriguing, the question is, are the negative effects gradually outnumbering the positive ones? In the essay â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid† written by Nicholas Carr, and â€Å"The Multitasking Generation† by Claudia Wallis, we are presented with ways in which technology affects the daily lifestyle of human being. Even though both authors perceive some of the beneficial uses of modern technology, they ultimately pinpoint the negative effects of it to a large extent. While the bad effects remain constant between both authors, they introduce different aspects of ways humans are being affected – Carr, emphasizing on how technology (Internet in this case) has drastically changed the way humans acquire and present information, and Wallis, focusing on how technology (Media Multitasking) deteriorates social interactions among humans. In today’s world, uses of technology have become far more efficient than ever, and it is only increasing. Internet itself alone, has marched onto becoming the modern power source of simplicity and efficiency. When one hears about ‘efficiency’, a concept of getting a lot done with less amount of time spent, triggers to his mind. In other words, saving time while getting the maximum work done is the key, and that is what Internet delivers to human. In â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid†, Carr expresses his convenience of using Internet to do his research, â€Å"Research that once required days in the stacks or periodical rooms of libraries can now be done in minutes† (Carr 1-2). He acknowledges the fact that Internet makes his job as a writer easier, by saying that Internet is giving out information faster than before. The benefits are not only limited to easy access of Internet. The Internet is also taking over people’s daily life rather quickly as it can be programmed to perform certain functions of any information processing device. â€Å"It’s becoming our map, our clock, our printing press, and our typewriter, our calculator, and our telephone, and our radio and TV† (Carr 4), says Carr, as he refers to some of the devices used everyday, to explain the concept of Internet being a powerful computing system. Wallis, in the article â€Å"The Multitasking Generation†, also reflects on some positive effects of technology. Through the concept of â€Å"media multitasking†, or â€Å"listening to iTunes, watching a DVD and IMing friends all at the same time† (Wallis 3) to mention a few, Wallis refers to kids being able to absorb multiple tasks simultaneously, while possibly serving the kids with some benefits. One might be curious to ask how can technologies such as media be beneficial to children? Surprisingly, according to Wallis, â€Å"Piers†, the fourteen years old son in the Coxes family, â€Å"repairs the family computers and DVD player. † â€Å"Bronte†, Piers’ twin sister, â€Å"uses digital technology to compose elaborate photo collages and create a documentary of her father’s ongoing treatment for cancer† (Wallis 3). In the quote, Wallis expresses the fact that even children today, are aware of the beneficial power of technology, and they are quite capable of taking full advantage of it. While both authors present some of the positive effects of technology, as mentioned above, to us, each of them addresses different issues on how exactly uses of technology and technological improvements negatively impact human life. As people become addicted to the valuable web efficiency, it turns out that the Internet serves to be quite harmful towards human cognition in such that it diminishes the capacity of human concentration and contemplation. As Carr says in â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid†, â€Å"media supply the stuff of thought, but they also shape the process of thought† (Carr 2). In other words, Internet is controlling and changing the way we think or consume information and thus, flattering our own intelligence into â€Å"artificial intelligence† (Carr 8). People nowadays are so used to the information provided by the Internet that they do not rely on their own knowledge or think on their own like they used to prior to the advent of Internet. An instance that reflects this idea of self-manipulation is shown in Carr’s own statement, â€Å"Once I was a scuba diver in the sea of words. Now I zip along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski† (Carr 2). Even though Carr does not go onto to say that he is becoming vacuous, he believes that his mind is changing due to spending so much time on the web over the last several years. Before, he was very much engaged into reading and deep thinking, whereas now he does not have the patience to do so. Skimming seems to be the fast and efficient way to get over it. Carr’s notion demonstrates people’s inability to absorb any lengthy texts because of excessive access to media, indicating to the negative impacts that media have on humans. Although Wallis in â€Å"The Multitasking Generation† implies a similar concept of negative effects of technology on humans as Carr, Wallis follows a different aspect to address the issue. While multitasking allows activities to be done in parallel in an attempt to achieve the possible outcomes more efficiently, it is for the most part, both physically and mentally impossible to do multiple tasks at the same time with accuracy. To add that to a large extent, the way it affects humans is that it deteriorates people’s ability to interact with each other in the society. â€Å"The mental habit of dividing one’s attention into many small slices has significant implications for the way young people learn, reason, socialize†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wallis 3), indicates multitasking as the factor, which young generations today are not aware of, the fact that they are being transitioned to a darker side of the society. Even the parents confess, â€Å"we don’t get out together to have a social life† (Wallis 3), clearly expressing their feelings towards the changes that are being caused by advanced technology. And while people are shifting to these changes, society is being affected as a whole. As usage of modern technology is prospering, the simplicity and efficiency in life are also rising. However, as people move on, there will be many controversies over the excessive usages of technology in form of media. There will be more concerns on whether the negative effects will override the positive effects sometime in the future. As of now, both Carr and Wallis emphasize on the negative impacts of technology on humans; however, Carr conveys that technology negatively manipulates people’s way of thinking and absorbing information, while Wallis believes that technology reduces people’s ability to focus on certain tasks and interaction with others in the society.

Methods and Research in Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Methods and Research in Communication - Essay Example ar (2003) sought to explore the dynamics and challenges of the Middle East conflict and the role of the media in either contributing to the conflict or determining its course. One central question that is raised by the study involves the nature of contribution by the media in a cultural conflict. The study also questions the possibility of the existence of the element of bias in media coverage of conflict in the Middle East. Another important question raised by the study involves the capacity of the media to provide avenues that might be used for successful resolution of conflicts. Shinar (2003) adopted an explorative case study design with particular focus on the Palestinian-Israel conflict. The main hypothesis of the study was that the media involvement in conflict basically seeks ways of resolution. The study explored various models of conflict resolution in terms of their respective levels of efficacy to the Israel-Palestinian situation. Some of the historical incidents of the conflict were matched with the models with the objective of determining the patterns of the situation with the view of predicting possible scenarios for the future. The results of the study showed that the media involvement in conflict takes multiple forms and objectives. The media does not always engage in conflicts with the purpose of resolving the conflict. Sometimes the media basically seeks to transform the nature of conflict to match its own peculiar objectives. The study conducted by Melone, Terzis & Beleli (2005) focussed on the different roles that the media plays in a conflict situation. The hypothesis of the study was that the shape of any particular conflict is essentially determined by the manner in which the media participates in the conflict. The major assumption of the study is that responsible and ethical journalism will always produce positive results for the media whereas unethical journalistic practices have the capacity to escalate tensions and conflicts. The

Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Relationship - Essay Example All of us, more often than not, have been subject to peer pressure in workplace. So, through this topic I wanted to explain some of the stages that many people like me have to go through to develop a good relation with a coworker who is intent on degrading you. I would be telling about the starting of our relationship, the enmity and back-stabbing challenges, the effect it had on both our lives and then the friendship. A new job just like a new relation bring excitement with it. But that balloon of excitement is punctured when you make an enemy on a very first day, either by choice or coincidence. There would always be someone in the workplace who would not exactly appreciate you. Similarly there was this person who was a few months senior but pretending to be my boss. I always thought he appreciated my work that is why I used to get ‘a lot’ of work but soon I realized he was bullying me into doing his work. I confronted him and it got loud. A point to remember is that insulting someone always put a huge negative pressure on a relation. So then it started him making fun of me in front of everyone or anyone. And me messing with his work, but one day I went too far and almost got him fired. That brought me back to my senses and as an ‘I am sorry’ present I did a particularly hard project for him as he was having some personal issue. I did it out of remorse but it touched a vital cord in his heart. And from then onwards all enmity and jealousy ceased to exist. So, the journey from enmity to a lifelong friendship made me realize that workplace stress due to peer pressure is something we can help if we try. My coworker and I became lifelong friends not because I helped him in need, but because we made an effort to stop the enmity, jealousy and back stabbing for a more comfortable environment. So, I rephrase my first question,

Why are there different perspectives on change within organizations Essay

Why are there different perspectives on change within organizations - Essay Example Bateman and Zaithaml (1990) assert that organizations must change because the environment within which they operate is constantly changing. They need to incorporate and implement change not only survive but also to maintain a competitive advantage within the industry. The various internal and external drivers of changes are intrinsically linked to performance outcome of the firm. They also influence the perspectives of people in the organization and therefore, directly or indirectly impact the performance of the organization. Therefore, they become vital factors to be evaluated and analysed for efficient exploitation by the managerial leadership. But at the same time, it is equally true that changes are perceived differently by different people and therefore, there is always an element of resistance within a group of people in the organization. Indeed, the different views on change within the organization can be explained because organizations have different goals, structures and org anizational culture that may necessitate different response to the defined change. The perception to change therefore is often influenced by multitude of issues which can be defined by individual ideologies and beliefs; group representation; individual and organizational competencies; power dynamics within the organizations; inter-cultural compulsions etc. ... The organizations, in totem, also have wide ranging reaction to the environmental changes. They adapt and exploit them to improve and improvise productivity. The people therefore become major factors within the organizations whose perceived value of the changes can have considerable impact on the outcome. The organizational perception to change needs to be evaluated and analyzed for gaining leverage in the highly competitive business environment. Thus, the diversity of issues and factors that promote different outlook to changes within the organizations would be discussed for developing more effective strategy of change management in the organization. Many social scientists have proposed four major determinants of change: the structural-functional, multiple constituencies, organizational development, and creativity and volition perspective (Jackson, 2003; Cyert & March, 1963; Shafritz and Ott, 1991; Pfeffer, 1981). The various propellants are primarily focused on optimal performance by changing inputs into desired output by the organizations. The structural-functional paradigm promotes changes that increase the productivity through increase in functional efficiency and structural modification. The Fordism highlights the increase of productivity through standardization of process. Change intervention becomes essential part of business strategy. Thus, businesses constantly look out for processes and means that would enhance their productivity and financial benefits. Multiple constituencies primarily focus on various stakeholders of the business which can have significant influence on the performance of the organization. The various linkages within and outside the organizational purview

Strategic Capability of Organization Assignment

Strategic Capability of Organization - Assignment Example The marketing strategy and orientation focus on innovation, strategic capabilities and competitive environment, general business environment of the company, and the political, environmental, economic, social and technological factors would be considered along with the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the business environment. Sony is a leader in the global electronics industry and global market as its global presence is seen in all markets across different regions of the world. Sony has global competitors and different competitors for its wide ranging products from cameras to cell phones, computers to MP3 players. In case of mobile phones, Nokia would be its toughest competitor whereas for MP3 players, Apple would be its closest competitor, for computers and laptops, Toshiba and Compaq would be the other players in the market and Samsung also remains one of its major competitors in all other product areas. The research and development unit of Sony is studied here and the R&D unit of the company would relate to marketing and strategic needs of the organization and recommendations are provided on what changes should be made within the strategic management of the company so that maximum productivity and performance could be attained within the specific business environment (Bradbury and Kissel, 2006). SWOT Analysis - Competitive Advantages The strengths of Sony or its competitive advantages would be its brand name and strong brand presence (Kerckhove, 2002) and its extensive advertising and marketing strategy that highlights innovative products around the world in accordance with the needs of the global markets. Sony is focused on meeting the needs of consumers of all ages and cultures and especially focuses on meeting the needs of the youth by constantly upgrading its technology to meet the demands of the market and to keep up with a rapidly changing electronics market. The focus of the company is on innovation (Harryson, 1997), well developed and well equipped R&D facilities, talented product engineers and managers and the company's leadership and established position in a global market. Capability Gaps The weaknesses or capability gaps would be its flaws in its corporate strategy that may not always be culturally sensitive, very established competitors and continuous new product development initiatives by competitors can leave Sony behind, higher costs of Sony products may not be within reach of a large consumer base and fluctuating economies in certain countries where Sony has made its foray would be a major disadvantage. Opportunities for Sony will be entry into new markets and focusing on continuous and new innovative products and product development through R&D that can give it an edge over competitors (Arimura, 1999). The threats of the company would be its competitive environment and in product areas such as mobile phones, Nokia is its primary competitor, in computers and laptops, Toshiba and Compaq are close competitors, in MP3 music players, Apple seems to have a leading role in the market with its

Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Music - Essay Example and ran up to 1000A.D. Gregory, a Christian pope who served for 14 years, from 590 A.D. is believed to have largely contributed to the type of music. One of the major characteristics of the medieval period music is the monophonic feature that developed a single melody line for a piece of music. Polyphonic types of music however developed late in the period, after the 12th century, but this music type remains unique and cannot be confused with music from other periods (Thinkquest, n.d.). The renaissance period, a two-century long duration, marks the second phase of music’s history. Even though the period’s developments were engineered from the church, secular artists soon took centre stage and significantly dominated music. The basis of transition from the medieval period to the renaissance period was emotional attachment that was associated with words in music. The initiative that was developed by a church bishop was then followed by more advancement such as use of instruments in music. The polyphonic type of music in the period also differed from the one that developed in the medieval period (Thinkquest, n.d.). The end of the 17th century marked a transition from the renaissance music period to the baroque period that lasted for about a century and a half. It marked significant developments in music’s history with development of art that was â€Å"highly ornate, colorful and richly textured† (Thinkquest, n.d., p. 1). The period also incorporated other forms of art such as poetry into music’s presentation and involved higher-level application of instruments in music besides establishment of homophony as a music style. Polyphonic style of music also advanced besides other approaches such as orchestra, opera, and vocal music approaches (Thinkquest, n.d.). Classical period marked the end of baroque period in the year 1750 A.D. It involved transitions into a more balanced, proportionate and principled approach that marked a

Why do you wish to study MBA in International Management with Essay

Why do you wish to study MBA in International Management with University of London through Hong Kong University SPACE - Essay Example These aspects have come to earn me much admiration and respect from colleagues, superiors and junior staff alike. For almost 7 years I have worked with a global investment bank, UBS where I worked as Head of Corporate Services while overseeing a team of 60 staff managing all in-house facilities and services. I moved to Regional Travel Management last year and focuses now on corporate travel management. Under this new line of operation my responsibilities have been hugely expanded due to my evident skills and experience in managerial positions to cover regional level. I have taken MBA as a my degree of choice since it will definitely give me the much needed impetus to take my career in management to the next level in terms of knowledge acquisition, expanded scope of thinking as well as better approaches to managerial tasks more so from an international perspective. Through the many years I have worked in management capacity, acquisition of more knowledge and exposure to new management approaches has been proving to be vital tools in overcoming the rapid changes occurring in the global business environment. My interest in having a global outlook in management sparked from the time I entered in UBS where I was bound to think in broader sense than local in order to ensure goals are met as required. I therefore, take my 13 years work experience as a huge boost towards achieving success in the MBA course where I have a wide range of management areas to choose from and more so those suiting my management tasks. I wish to pursue higher levels and positi ons within the management circles and after careful consideration I have seen pursuing the MBA will definitely take me far much closer to achieving this. I have found this to be the opportune moment and as my slogan goes, seize the opportunity while you still have it. I am now more than enthusiastic to bring on board my expertise, abilities, skills and strong commitment in ensuring

Math Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Math Project - Essay Example The body structures like kidneys, respiratory structures have been able to be shown on their functionality which has played a major role in improving the treatment of its illnesses. Mathematical models have also helped in the coming up with structures like structures and machines contributing largely to the development of technology. Buildings are first sketched into shapes which are preferably and through that they are able to calculate on the materials to be used in the buildings. Through the models people have tried to come up with various ideas on how they can construct and also improving on the kind of structures to be put in place. Bigger and better buildings have been able to be constructed through mathematical models improving its technology as they use better machinery (Berry 2006, pg.41). Through the models most of the people who have visualize are able to put up into images and the mathematical modeling they are able to come up with building of various different shapes (Kl amkin 2007, pg.45). This has led to the emergence of machineries which are used in making work easier. Scientists find it easier to use models in coming up with ideas while creating machines in different fields. Mathematics models help in solving engineering complexities brought about by the technology evolution. It assists by giving out possibilities to be used in order to manage the technological complexities incurred. They are able to give new ideas or solutions in fewer periods thus more innovations leading to a positive effect to the industry saving time and money. Graphs have also contributed largely in determining the trend or behavior of certain things like in medicine it is used in hospitals in testing pulse rate, blood pressure and other illnesses. Through the graphics instruments in mathematical modeling various people are able to use in stating their industry’s potential like the industry is able to tell if there has been a rise in their profitability and also be able to see their trend and compare it with other competing companies (Gibbons 2005, pg.12). Mathematical models have been used as a teaching guide to the children as they are taught various shapes. In education and also industries it has been able to help in calculation of volume, mass which makes it easier. It has been used in calculating the amount of cement in building, construction and also in medicine in finding the amount or quantity of medicine to patients. Mathematics has contributed largely to the world’s technology evolution. Its contribution has played a major role in many technologies being discovered either scientifically as is assists in calculation etc. Most of the building or infrastructure has majorly depended on calculations in order to put up structures (Berry 2006, pg.67). Through calculus and geometry they are able to construct a sketch on the architecture world. Mathematics provides the platform for architecture through the measurements for example math ematics contributes the unit of measurement for building in meters, inches or feet in which technology simply encodes and decodes. Mathematics also contributes to building of technological hardware because it creates basis of forming these hardwares through shapes and sizes. Sizes in the sense that the developers use inches and centimeters to create these hardwares otherwise technology would not have a standard for example the developers of computers use inches to